QOJ.ac

QOJ

Time Limit: 1 s Memory Limit: 64 MB Total points: 100

#11887. Maximal Orders of Permutations

Statistics

A permutation of $n$ elements is a one-to-one function (injection) $π:\{1,2, \ldots ,n\} \mapsto \{1,2, \ldots ,n\}$. An order of permutation $π$ is the minimal $k \ge 1$, such that for all $i=1,2, \ldots ,n$ we have:

$$π(π(…(π(i))…))=i$$

i.e. $π$ composed with itself $k$ times becomes identity function. For example, the order of the permutation of $3$ elements $π(1)=3$, $π(2)=2$, $π(3)=1$ is $2$, because $π(π(1))=1$, $π(π(2))=2$, $π(π(3))=3$.

For a given $n$ let us consider permutations of $n$-elements having the the largest order possible. For example, the maximal order of a permutation of 5 elements is 6. An example of a permutation of 5 elements whose order is 6 is $π(1)=4$,$π(2)=5$,$π(3)=2$,$π(4)=1$,$π(5)=3$.

Among all permutations of $n$ elements having the maximal order, we would like to find the earliest one (in a lexicographical order). Being more precise, we say a permutation $π$ of $n$ elements is earlier than a permutation $σ$ of $n$ elements, if there exists $i$, such that $π(j)= σ(j)$ for all $j < i$ and $π(i) < σ(i)$. The earliest permutation of 5 elements having an order 6 is $π(1)=2$,$π(2)=1$,$π(3)=4$,$π(4)=5$,$π(5)=3$.

Task

Write a programme that:

  • reads from the standard input a set of integers $n_1,n_2,\ldots,n_d$,
  • for each number $n_i$ (for $i=1,2,\ldots ,d$) determines the earliest permutation of $n_i$ elements having the maximal order,
  • writes the determined permutations to the standard output.

Input

There is one positive integer $d$ in the first line of the standard input, $1 \le d \le 10$. In the following $d$ lines there are positive integers $n_1,n_2,\ldots ,n_d$, one per line, $1 \le n_i \le 10\,000$.

Output

Your programme should write $d$ lines to the standard output. The $i$’th line should contain a sequence of integers separated by spaces, forming the least permutation of $n_i$ elements having the maximal order, i.e. the sequence $π(1),π(2),\ldots ,π(n_i)$, where $\pi$ denotes this permutation.

Example

Input

2
5
14

Output

2 1 4 5 3
2 3 1 5 6 7 4 9 10 11 12 13 14 8

Discussions

About Discussions

The discussion section is only for posting: Editorials, General Discussions (problem-solving strategies, alternative approaches), and Off-topic conversations.

This is NOT for reporting issues! If you want to report bugs or errors, please use the Issues section below.

Open Discussions 0
No discussions in this category.

Issues

About Issues

If you find any issues with the problem (statement, scoring, time/memory limits, test cases, etc.), you may submit an issue here. A problem moderator will review your issue.

Guidelines:

  1. This is not a place to publish discussions, editorials, or requests to debug your code. Issues are only visible to you and problem moderators.
  2. Do not submit duplicated issues. Submitting multiple issues may cause your account to be banned.
  3. Issues must be filed in English or Chinese only.
Active Issues 0
No issues in this category.
Closed/Resolved Issues 0
No issues in this category.